The US Supreme Court said that New York state restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic are a violation of the First Amendment’s protection of free religious exercise. After the ruling the Bishop of Brooklyn, whose diocese was a plaintiff in the suit, said that religious worship should be considered an essential during the coronavirus pandemic.
“It is time – past time – to make plain that, while the pandemic poses many grave challenges, there is no world in which the constitution tolerates color-coded executive edicts that reopen liquor stores and bike shops but shutter churches, synagogues and mosques,” Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote in a concurring opinion in a November 25 decision, which temporarily bars restrictions on religious worship that were enacted on October 6 by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo.
The court’s ruling is temporary, as lawsuits filed by the Diocese of Brooklyn and by Orthodox Jewish synagogues in New York will continue, though the Supreme Court’s November 26 decision is likely to weigh heavily in the outcome of those cases.
The state’s restrictions forbade the attendance of more than 10 people at religious services in state designated “red zones”, and 25 people in “orange zones.”
Synagogue
“In a red zone, while a synagogue or church may not admit more than 10 persons, businesses categorised as ‘essential’ may admit as many people as they wish. And the list of ‘essential’ businesses includes things such as acupuncture facilities, camp grounds, garages, as well as many whose services are not limited to those that can be regarded as essential, such as all plants manufacturing chemicals and microelectronics and all transportation facilities,’ the court’s majority opinion found.
“These categorisations lead to troubling results,” the decision added.
“Not only is there no evidence that the applicants have contributed to the spread of Covid–19 but there are many other less restrictive rules that could be adopted to minimise the risk to those attending religious services. Among other things, the maximum attendance at a religious service could be tied to the size of the church or synagogue,” the court wrote.
The 5-4 decision found newly confirmed Justice Amy Coney Barrett deciding with the majority, while Chief Justice John Roberts sided with the court’s three liberal judges in dissent.